Quick option bonus

Mission bonuses can be significant (one month's salary is not uncommon, and certainly no less than one week).

Free forex bonuses

Types of Bonuses: 10 Bonus Programs for Employees, quick option bonus.

This award is for the kind of achievement that deserves mention in your resume. Given to new employees who have just joined the company, this award serves two purposes:

Types of bonuses: 10 bonus programs for employees

Types of bonuses

There are several types of bonuses. Some plans simply give employees a certain share of the company profits, or perhaps a bonus to the entire company. Other programs give incentives to individuals or teams to perform at or above certain thresholds. And a variety of cash and noncash awards are possible for certain types of achievements in some companies. You can even earn bonuses for being hired or getting your friend a job at your company.

The following article details 10 types of bonuses that are typically seen in the workplace.

One very basic type of bonus program is current profit sharing. A company sets aside a predetermined amount; a typical bonus percentage would be 2.5 and 7.5 percent of payroll but sometimes as high as 15 percent, as a bonus on top of base salary. Such bonuses depend on company profits, either the entire company's profitability or from a given line of business. Sometimes the bonuses are given across the board, and sometimes they are given in larger percentages of compensation the more someone makes.

The purpose of profit sharing bonuses is to encourage employees to understand how their work affects the company's performance and to improve the company's profitability. Learn how your company makes money and how your position can help it make more. The annual report and other statements will give you an idea of how the company is performing. It will also make you look good to your manager if you show an interest in the company's performance.

This type of bonus program is most common in manufacturing plants and is designed to reward productivity and improved product quality. Gain sharing works best when employees become responsible for production quantity and quality and are encouraged to improve the way the product is made. This program reflects a philosophy that employees know their job best.

Gain sharing programs pay out bonuses for statistical improvements in production and quality on a quarterly or sometimes monthly basis, providing a sense of excitement for participants. These programs are often very successful, transforming the manufacturing plant into a center of employee commitment.

Spot bonus award

Some companies reward employees on the spot for achievements that deserve special recognition. Spot bonus awards are typically $50 and up and can be made by your immediate supervisor or any higher-level person in your company. You can get these for just being extra helpful. The math is in employees' favor: companies with spot bonus programs offer approximately 1 percent of payroll and expect to give out such bonuses to 25 percent of the employees eligible for them, allowing them to earn more than one instant bonus in a year.

Noncash bonus

Although the wrong kind of "employee of the month" concept can be cheesy, it's all in the execution. A well designed noncash bonus program can instill pride and improve employee morale. Employees who have done a great job should have to come to the front of a crowded room at a special ceremony as if they are receiving an academy award. The certificate or trophy should be thoughtfully and cleverly designed, and appropriate to the occasion. These awards are sometimes coupled with a token tangible award, such as a gift certificate, a bonus day off, or a great parking space.

You know your company has a good noncash bonus program if these awards are coveted, and if people who receive them display them proudly at their desks or in their homes. Moreover, this type of award may help you get a promotion or a new job, so include it on your resume.

Sign-on bonus

No longer just for star athletes, sign-on bonuses have become commonplace. Their usage now extends to nearly all level of employees, especially when unemployment is low and top talent is hard to find.

Given to new employees who have just joined the company, this award serves two purposes:

Establish goodwill

Buy out any compensation "left on the table" from a previous employer.

The second purpose is important to remember. Before joining a new company, be sure to account for every kind of compensation program in which you participate. If you are expecting a bonus in a few months, ask your new employer to buy you out of it. If you have any stock options, particularly options that are in the money, ask the employer to buy them out (either in cash or new stock options).

Don't forget to include profit-sharing bonuses or defined contributions (for example, a 401(k) match or an employee stock options program (ESOP)) made to your retirement account. Remember, a sign-on bonus is to keep you whole as you trade one set of compensation programs for a new one.

Medium to large signing bonuses may be paid over a period up to a year to protect the company's interests.

Mission bonus (also known as a task or milestone bonus)

Task bonuses are given to a team of employees for achieving a milestone or for completing an important project. Usually, these bonuses are offered sparingly, but they have been used more frequently in software and hardware development to encourage meeting tight deadlines. Sometimes these programs incorporate a quality measure to guard against too much focus on speed.

Mission bonuses can be significant (one month's salary is not uncommon, and certainly no less than one week). This award is for the kind of achievement that deserves mention in your resume.

Referral bonus

In hot job markets, it can be difficult for employers to find qualified personnel. When talent is scarce, many employers retain recruiters to find candidates, typically paying the recruiter 20 to 30% of the new hire's first-year pay. Many employers prefer to avoid this fee, and instead, offer referral bonuses to employees for recommending friends and acquaintances. Employers are comfortable in hiring friends of employees because employees are unlikely to recommend people who will make them look bad. So don't be afraid to invite your friend to work at your company!

Referral bonuses are typically hundreds to thousands of dollars and typically depend on the level of the new hire. Some firms pay as much as $10,000 to $20,000 if you introduce a new senior person to the firm. So if your former boss is a good fit for an opening, it's worthwhile to let your company know.

Retention bonus

Retention bonuses are given to employees in unusual circumstances, such as a merger or acquisition, or when an important project needs to be completed. These bonuses are designed to provide continuity when there is potential uncertainty about an employee's continued employment at the company. The bonus encourages employees to stay until a specified date so that critical activities can continue without disruption. Retention bonuses are usually about 10 to 15% of salary.

Holiday bonus

Holiday bonuses range from small gifts; from cash to the ubiquitous holiday turkey to one month's salary. The amount is usually dictated by the company's practices. If you do receive one month's salary, count it as part of your salary if you look for work elsewhere. This practice is usually referred to as a "13-month salary," and is not a true bonus since no performance is required to receive it.

Sales commission

Sales commissions are awarded to salespeople for selling. Usually, these awards are paid out as a percentage of sales volume. In some cases, commission percentages can increase with higher sales volume. In fewer cases, the percentage can decrease. It all depends on the scheme. Sales commissions are a significant source of income for sales employees, comprising at least 50% of total cash compensation.

If you are accepting a new job or sales territory, ask for the previous salesperson's sales performance. This will help you determine how likely you are to achieve your quota and sales target. Also, don't forget to construct a business plan based on your understanding of your sales territory. This is key to understanding how easy or difficult hitting your goals will be.

Types of bonuses: 10 bonus programs for employees

Types of bonuses

The following article details 10 types of bonuses that are typically seen in the workplace.

Spot bonus award

Noncash bonus

Sign-on bonus

Given to new employees who have just joined the company, this award serves two purposes:

Establish goodwill

Buy out any compensation "left on the table" from a previous employer.

Medium to large signing bonuses may be paid over a period up to a year to protect the company's interests.

Mission bonus (also known as a task or milestone bonus)

Mission bonuses can be significant (one month's salary is not uncommon, and certainly no less than one week). This award is for the kind of achievement that deserves mention in your resume.

Referral bonus

Retention bonus

Holiday bonus

Sales commission

Essential options trading guide

Options trading may seem overwhelming at first, but it's easy to understand if you know a few key points. Investor portfolios are usually constructed with several asset classes. These may be stocks, bonds, etfs, and even mutual funds. Options are another asset class, and when used correctly, they offer many advantages that trading stocks and etfs alone cannot.

Key takeaways

An option is a contract giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call) or sell (in the case of a put) the underlying asset at a specific price on or before a certain date.

People use options for income, to speculate, and to hedge risk.

Options are known as derivatives because they derive their value from an underlying asset.

A stock option contract typically represents 100 shares of the underlying stock, but options may be written on any sort of underlying asset from bonds to currencies to commodities.

Option

What are options?

Options are contracts that give the bearer the right, but not the obligation, to either buy or sell an amount of some underlying asset at a pre-determined price at or before the contract expires. Options can be purchased like most other asset classes with brokerage investment accounts.

Options are powerful because they can enhance an individual’s portfolio. They do this through added income, protection, and even leverage. Depending on the situation, there is usually an option scenario appropriate for an investor’s goal. A popular example would be using options as an effective hedge against a declining stock market to limit downside losses. Options can also be used to generate recurring income. Additionally, they are often used for speculative purposes such as wagering on the direction of a stock.

There is no free lunch with stocks and bonds. Options are no different. Options trading involves certain risks that the investor must be aware of before making a trade. This is why, when trading options with a broker, you usually see a disclaimer similar to the following:

Options involve risks and are not suitable for everyone. Options trading can be speculative in nature and carry substantial risk of loss.

Options as derivatives

Options belong to the larger group of securities known as derivatives. A derivative's price is dependent on or derived from the price of something else. Options are derivatives of financial securities—their value depends on the price of some other asset. Examples of derivatives include calls, puts, futures, forwards, swaps, and mortgage-backed securities, among others.

Call and put options

Options are a type of derivative security. An option is a derivative because its price is intrinsically linked to the price of something else. If you buy an options contract, it grants you the right, but not the obligation to buy or sell an underlying asset at a set price on or before a certain date.

A call option gives the holder the right to buy a stock and a put option gives the holder the right to sell a stock. Think of a call option as a down-payment for a future purchase.

Call option example

A potential homeowner sees a new development going up. That person may want the right to purchase a home in the future, but will only want to exercise that right once certain developments around the area are built.

The potential home buyer would benefit from the option of buying or not. Imagine they can buy a call option from the developer to buy the home at say $400,000 at any point in the next three years. Well, they can—you know it as a non-refundable deposit. Naturally, the developer wouldn’t grant such an option for free. The potential home buyer needs to contribute a down-payment to lock in that right.

With respect to an option, this cost is known as the premium. It is the price of the option contract. In our home example, the deposit might be $20,000 that the buyer pays the developer. Let’s say two years have passed, and now the developments are built and zoning has been approved. The home buyer exercises the option and buys the home for $400,000 because that is the contract purchased.

The market value of that home may have doubled to $800,000. But because the down payment locked in a pre-determined price, the buyer pays $400,000. Now, in an alternate scenario, say the zoning approval doesn’t come through until year four. This is one year past the expiration of this option. Now the home buyer must pay the market price because the contract has expired. In either case, the developer keeps the original $20,000 collected.

Call option basics

Put option example

Now, think of a put option as an insurance policy. If you own your home, you are likely familiar with purchasing homeowner’s insurance. A homeowner buys a homeowner’s policy to protect their home from damage. They pay an amount called the premium, for some amount of time, let’s say a year. The policy has a face value and gives the insurance holder protection in the event the home is damaged.

What if, instead of a home, your asset was a stock or index investment? Similarly, if an investor wants insurance on their S&P 500 index portfolio, they can purchase put options. An investor may fear that a bear market is near and may be unwilling to lose more than 10% of their long position in the S&P 500 index. If the S&P 500 is currently trading at $2500, they can purchase a put option giving the right to sell the index at $2250, for example, at any point in the next two years.

If in six months the market crashes by 20% (500 points on the index), they have made 250 points by being able to sell the index at $2250 when it is trading at $2000—a combined loss of just 10%. In fact, even if the market drops to zero, the loss would only be 10% if this put option is held. Again, purchasing the option will carry a cost (the premium), and if the market doesn’t drop during that period, the maximum loss on the option is just the premium spent.

Put option basics

Buying, selling calls/puts

There are four things you can do with options:

Buying stock gives you a long position. Buying a call option gives you a potential long position in the underlying stock. Short-selling a stock gives you a short position. Selling a naked or uncovered call gives you a potential short position in the underlying stock.

Buying a put option gives you a potential short position in the underlying stock. Selling a naked or unmarried put gives you a potential long position in the underlying stock. Keeping these four scenarios straight is crucial.

People who buy options are called holders and those who sell options are called writers of options. Here is the important distinction between holders and writers:

Call holders and put holders (buyers) are not obligated to buy or sell. They have the choice to exercise their rights. This limits the risk of buyers of options to only the premium spent.

Call writers and put writers (sellers), however, are obligated to buy or sell if the option expires in-the-money (more on that below). This means that a seller may be required to make good on a promise to buy or sell. It also implies that option sellers have exposure to more, and in some cases, unlimited, risks. This means writers can lose much more than the price of the options premium.

Why use options

Speculation

Speculation is a wager on future price direction. A speculator might think the price of a stock will go up, perhaps based on fundamental analysis or technical analysis. A speculator might buy the stock or buy a call option on the stock. Speculating with a call option—instead of buying the stock outright—is attractive to some traders since options provide leverage. An out-of-the-money call option may only cost a few dollars or even cents compared to the full price of a $100 stock.

Hedging

Options were really invented for hedging purposes. Hedging with options is meant to reduce risk at a reasonable cost. Here, we can think of using options like an insurance policy. Just as you insure your house or car, options can be used to insure your investments against a downturn.

Imagine that you want to buy technology stocks. But you also want to limit losses. By using put options, you could limit your downside risk and enjoy all the upside in a cost-effective way. For short sellers, call options can be used to limit losses if the underlying price moves against their trade—especially during a short squeeze.

How options work

In terms of valuing option contracts, it is essentially all about determining the probabilities of future price events. The more likely something is to occur, the more expensive an option would be that profits from that event. For instance, a call value goes up as the stock (underlying) goes up. This is the key to understanding the relative value of options.

The less time there is until expiry, the less value an option will have. This is because the chances of a price move in the underlying stock diminish as we draw closer to expiry. This is why an option is a wasting asset. If you buy a one-month option that is out of the money, and the stock doesn’t move, the option becomes less valuable with each passing day. Since time is a component to the price of an option, a one-month option is going to be less valuable than a three-month option. This is because with more time available, the probability of a price move in your favor increases, and vice versa.

Accordingly, the same option strike that expires in a year will cost more than the same strike for one month. This wasting feature of options is a result of time decay. The same option will be worth less tomorrow than it is today if the price of the stock doesn’t move.

Volatility also increases the price of an option. This is because uncertainty pushes the odds of an outcome higher. If the volatility of the underlying asset increases, larger price swings increase the possibilities of substantial moves both up and down. Greater price swings will increase the chances of an event occurring. Therefore, the greater the volatility, the greater the price of the option. Options trading and volatility are intrinsically linked to each other in this way.

On most U.S. Exchanges, a stock option contract is the option to buy or sell 100 shares; that's why you must multiply the contract premium by 100 to get the total amount you’ll have to spend to buy the call.

What happened to our option investment
may 1	may 21	expiry date
stock price	$67	$78	$62
option price	$3.15	$8.25	worthless
contract value	$315	$825	$0
paper gain/loss	$0	$510	-$315

The majority of the time, holders choose to take their profits by trading out (closing out) their position. This means that option holders sell their options in the market, and writers buy their positions back to close. Only about 10% of options are exercised, 60% are traded (closed) out, and 30% expire worthlessly.

Fluctuations in option prices can be explained by intrinsic value and extrinsic value, which is also known as time value. An option's premium is the combination of its intrinsic value and time value. Intrinsic value is the in-the-money amount of an options contract, which, for a call option, is the amount above the strike price that the stock is trading. Time value represents the added value an investor has to pay for an option above the intrinsic value. This is the extrinsic value or time value. So, the price of the option in our example can be thought of as the following:

In real life, options almost always trade at some level above their intrinsic value, because the probability of an event occurring is never absolutely zero, even if it is highly unlikely.

Types of options

American and european options

American options can be exercised at any time between the date of purchase and the expiration date. European options are different from american options in that they can only be exercised at the end of their lives on their expiration date. The distinction between american and european options has nothing to do with geography, only with early exercise. Many options on stock indexes are of the european type. Because the right to exercise early has some value, an american option typically carries a higher premium than an otherwise identical european option. This is because the early exercise feature is desirable and commands a premium.

There are also exotic options, which are exotic because there might be a variation on the payoff profiles from the plain vanilla options. Or they can become totally different products all together with "optionality" embedded in them. For example, binary options have a simple payoff structure that is determined if the payoff event happens regardless of the degree. Other types of exotic options include knock-out, knock-in, barrier options, lookback options, asian options, and bermudan options. Again, exotic options are typically for professional derivatives traders.

Options expiration & liquidity

Options can also be categorized by their duration. Short-term options are those that expire generally within a year. Long-term options with expirations greater than a year are classified as long-term equity anticipation securities or leaps. LEAPS are identical to regular options, they just have longer durations.

Options can also be distinguished by when their expiration date falls. Sets of options now expire weekly on each friday, at the end of the month, or even on a daily basis. Index and ETF options also sometimes offer quarterly expiries.

Reading options tables

More and more traders are finding option data through online sources. (for related reading, see "best online stock brokers for options trading 2019") while each source has its own format for presenting the data, the key components generally include the following variables:

Volume (VLM) simply tells you how many contracts of a particular option were traded during the latest session.

The "bid" price is the latest price level at which a market participant wishes to buy a particular option.

The "ask" price is the latest price offered by a market participant to sell a particular option.

Implied bid volatility (IMPL BID VOL) can be thought of as the future uncertainty of price direction and speed. This value is calculated by an option-pricing model such as the black-scholes model and represents the level of expected future volatility based on the current price of the option.

Open interest (OPTN OP) number indicates the total number of contracts of a particular option that have been opened. Open interest decreases as open trades are closed.

Delta can be thought of as a probability. For instance, a 30-delta option has roughly a 30% chance of expiring in-the-money. Delta also measures the option's sensitivity to immediate price changes in the underlying. The price of a 30-delta option will change by 30 cents if the underlying security changes its price by one dollar.

Gamma (GMM) is the speed the option is moving in or out-of-the-money. Gamma can also be thought of as the movement of the delta.

Vega is a greek value that indicates the amount by which the price of the option would be expected to change based on a one-point change in implied volatility.

Theta is the greek value that indicates how much value an option will lose with the passage of one day's time.

The "strike price" is the price at which the buyer of the option can buy or sell the underlying security if they choose to exercise the option.

Buying at the bid and selling at the ask is how market makers make their living.

Long calls/puts

The simplest options position is a long call (or put) by itself. This position profits if the price of the underlying rises (falls), and your downside is limited to loss of the option premium spent. If you simultaneously buy a call and put option with the same strike and expiration, you’ve created a straddle.

This position pays off if the underlying price rises or falls dramatically; however, if the price remains relatively stable, you lose premium on both the call and the put. You would enter this strategy if you expect a large move in the stock but are not sure which direction.

Basically, you need the stock to have a move outside of a range. A similar strategy betting on an outsized move in the securities when you expect high volatility (uncertainty) is to buy a call and buy a put with different strikes and the same expiration—known as a strangle. A strangle requires larger price moves in either direction to profit but is also less expensive than a straddle. On the other hand, being short either a straddle or a strangle (selling both options) would profit from a market that doesn’t move much.

Below is an explanation of straddles from my options for beginners course:

Types of bonuses: 10 bonus programs for employees

Types of bonuses

The following article details 10 types of bonuses that are typically seen in the workplace.

Spot bonus award

Noncash bonus

Sign-on bonus

Given to new employees who have just joined the company, this award serves two purposes:

Establish goodwill

Buy out any compensation "left on the table" from a previous employer.

Medium to large signing bonuses may be paid over a period up to a year to protect the company's interests.

Mission bonus (also known as a task or milestone bonus)

Mission bonuses can be significant (one month's salary is not uncommon, and certainly no less than one week). This award is for the kind of achievement that deserves mention in your resume.

Referral bonus

Retention bonus

Holiday bonus

Sales commission

China - income tax

Taxation of international executives

Annual tax returns and compliance

When are tax returns due? That is, what is the tax return due date?

Monthly individual income tax returns are due by the 15th of the following month (but see discussion on compliance requirements).

Annual individual income tax returns should be performed between 1 march and 30 june of the following year if certain conditions are met.

What is the tax year-end?

What are the compliance requirements for tax returns in china?

Monthly returns

Employerвђ™s monthly individual income tax withholding returns are required to be filed on a monthly basis and the tax payments settled by the 15th day of the month following the date of receipt of income. The same monthly filing requirement and due date applies for individuals who receive employment income but have no withholding agent in china. Such individuals must file an individual income tax return on a self-declaration basis.

Annual returns

Effective from 1 january 2019, china resident individuals should perform an annual reconciliation filing between 1 march and 30 june following the end of the respective tax year, if certain conditions are met.

Tax rates

What are the current income tax rates for residents and non-residents in china?

Residents

For comprehensive income (including employment income, income from independent personal services, authorвђ™s remuneration, and royalties), the rates applicable for annual taxable income are as follows:

(B) taxable income subject to gross up

If tax is borne by the employee, figures in column A should be applied to calculate the tax as follows:

Tax liability = taxable income x applicable tax rate вђ“ quick deduction.

If tax is borne by the employer, tax should be calculated on a gross-up basis as follows:

Grossed-up taxable income = (taxable income subject to gross up вђ“ quick deduction B) / (100 percent - applicable tax rate B)

Tax liability= grossed-up taxable income x applicable tax rate A вђ“ quick deduction A.

Non-residents

For comprehensive income, the rates applicable for monthly taxable income are as follows:

(A)taxable income		(B) taxable income subject to gross up		tax rate	quick deduction
in excess of RMB	to RMB	in excess of RMB	to RMB	percent	RMB
0	3,000	0	2,910	3	0
3,000.01	12,000	2,910.01	11,010	10	210
12,000.01	25,000	11,010.01	21,410	20	1,410
25,000.01	35,000	21,410.01	28,910	25	2,660
35,000.01	55,000	28,910.01	42,910	30	4,410
55,000.01	80,000	42,910.01	59,160	35	7,160
80,000.01	over	59,160.01	over	45	15,160

If tax is borne by the employee, figures in column A should be applied to calculate the tax as follows:

Monthly tax = monthly taxable income x applicable tax rate вђ“ quick deduction.

If tax is borne by the employer, tax should be calculated on a gross-up basis as follows:

Grossed-up monthly taxable income = (monthly taxable income subject to gross up вђ“ quick deduction B) / (100 percent - applicable tax rate B)

Monthly tax = grossed-up monthly taxable income x applicable tax rate A вђ“ quick deduction A.

Residence rules

For the purposes of taxation, how is an individual defined as a resident of china?

Domicile

An individual is domiciled in china if they habitually reside in china by reason of permanent registered address, family ties, or economic interests. An individual with a chinese passport or a hukou (household registration) is generally regarded as being domiciled in china.

Non-domicile

Generally, a foreign national is treated as a non-domicile of china.

A non-domiciled individual of the PRC is taxed in accordance with their length of residence in the PRC. Under the revised PRC IIT laws and regulations effective 1 january 2019, the non-domiciled individual would be deemed to be a resident of the PRC if they reside in the PRC for 183 days or more during a calendar year.

Is there, a de minimus number of days rule when it comes to residency start and end date? For example, a taxpayer canвђ™t come back to the host country/jurisdiction for more than 10 days after their assignment is over and they repatriate.

No. Whether an individual is resident of china will generally depends on the number of days of residence.

What if the assignee enters the country/jurisdiction before their assignment begins?

Generally, an individual who holds a position in china will be liable for tax from the first day of employment in china. In some locations, the local tax authorities would treat the day of arrival in china as the first day of employment if it is earlier than the official assignment start date.

Termination of PRC assignment

Are there any tax compliance requirements when leaving china?

For non-domiciles, all outstanding taxes should be settled and individual income tax deregistration should be completed at the local tax authorities by the due date of the monthly tax filing following the last day of employment.

The employing entity in china should arrange for cancellation of the work and residence permits of non-domiciles upon termination of their employment in china.

What if the assignee comes back for a trip after residency has terminated?

Tax may be payable based on the days of presence in china.

Communication between immigration and taxation authorities

Do the immigration authorities in china provide information to the local taxation authorities regarding when a person enters or leaves china?

Information sharing between the authorities could occur.

Filing requirements

Will an assignee have a filing requirement in the host country/jurisdiction after they leave the country/jurisdiction and repatriate?

Yes. The assignee could have a filing requirement on china-sourced income received after repatriation.

Economic employer approach

Do the taxation authorities in china adopt the economic employer approach 1 to interpreting article 15 of the organization for economic cooperation and development treaty? If no, are the taxation authorities in china considering the adoption of this interpretation of economic employer in the future?

Yes, a chinese entity may be regarded as economic employer even if no costs are recharged to it.

De minimus number of days

Are there a de minimus number of days 2 before the local taxation authorities will apply the economic employer approach? If yes, what is the de minimus number of days?

Types of taxable compensation

What categories are subject to income tax in general situations?

Taxable income includes all compensation received by an employee, including amounts received directly or indirectly from the work performed for the employer. The following list includes typical items of an expatriate compensation package which are taxable in china. Please note that this is not a comprehensive list.

Base salary

Bonuses

Expatriate premiums

Cost-of-living allowances

Mobility premiums

Equity-based compensation

Employer contribution to overseas social security.

Intra-group statutory directors

Will a non-resident of china who, as part of their employment within a group company, is also appointed as a statutory director (i.E. Member of the board of directors in a group company situated in china trigger a personal tax liability in china, even though no separate director's fee/remuneration is paid for their duties as a board member?

A) will the taxation be triggered irrespective of whether or not the board member is physically present at the board meetings in china?

B) will the answer be different if the cost directly or indirectly is charged to/allocated to the company situated in china (i.E. As a general management fee where the duties rendered as a board member is included)?

In the case that a tax liability is triggered, how will the taxable income be determined?

Non-resident individuals are taxed in china on china sourced income only. The IIT treatment for directorвђ™s fee may be different according to the individualвђ™s situation (e.G. Employment arrangement and duties, etc.). Currently there are no PRC IIT regulations which specify the determination of the source of directorвђ™s fee. Therefore we suggest that the taxation of directorвђ™s fee is assessed on a case-by-case basis based on the individualвђ™s own specific situation.

Tax-exempt income

Are there any areas of income that are exempt from taxation in china? If so, please provide a general definition of these areas.

See discussion on expatriate concessions.

Expatriate concessions

Are there any concessions made for expatriates in china?

Certain benefits-in-kind provided to foreign national employees individuals are exempt from tax provided that the amounts are reasonable and substantiated by official invoices/receipts and other supporting documentation. These include the following:

Rental of accommodation

Meals and laundry

Relocation

Language training (for the employee only)

Childrenвђ™s education expenses in china

Home leave travel (up to two trips a year for the employee only).

Please note that according to the current regulation, the tax-exempt benefits shall be valid until the end of 2021. In addition, foreign employees who are PRC tax residents may elect to either claim tax exemption on such benefits or claim itemized deductions (including mortgage interest or housing rental, childrenвђ™s tuition, continuing education, serious illness medical fees, and supporting elderly) during 2019 вђ“ 2021 if certain conditions are met.

Salary earned from working abroad

Is salary earned from working abroad taxed in china? If so, how?

Individuals of china domicile and non-domiciles who are long-term residents are liable for tax on worldwide income; therefore such individuals are subject to tax on salary earned from working abroad.

Non-domiciles of china who are resident for less than 6 consecutive years are generally liable for tax on china-sourced employment income only. However, non-domiciles who are full-year residents of china within a calendar year are liable for tax on salary earned from working abroad if such salary is paid by an entity in china.

Taxation of investment income and capital gains

Are investment income and capital gains taxed in china? If so, how?

Individuals of china domicile and non-domiciles who are long-term residents are liable for to tax on worldwide income, therefore such individuals are liable for tax on investment income regardless of where it is sourced or received.

Non-domiciles of china who are resident for less than 6 consecutive years are generally liable for tax on china-sourced investment income only.

Certain types of investment income are provisionally exempt from tax in china. These are mentioned below.

Dividends, interest, and rental income

Dividends are generally taxable at a flat rate of 20 percent. However, dividends paid out by companies listed on the chinese stock exchanges are taxed at rates ranging from 5 to 20 percent depending on holding period.

Interest income is generally taxable at a flat rate of 20 percent.

Certain types of interest income, such as interest on bank savings account deposits, state treasury bonds issued by the ministry of finance and approved education savings funds, are exempt from tax.

Capital gains

Gains on the transfer of capital assets (such as securities, equity interests, land use rights, buildings, equipment, vehicles, and other assets) are generally taxable at a flat rate of 20 percent.

Gains on the transfer of stocks listed on the chinese stock exchanges are provisionally exempt from tax.

Gains from stock option exercises

Stock options are generally taxable at exercise. The difference between the fair market price, which is the closing price of the stock on the date of exercise, and the exercise price is recognized as employment income and subject to withholding requirements.

Foreign exchange gains and losses

There is no specific provision in the current tax law and regulations regarding the taxation of foreign exchange gains.

Principal residence gains and losses

Gain on sale of a residence, which has been owned and used by the individual for 5 years or more, is tax-exempt. Loss on such sale is not deductible against taxable income.

Capital losses

Capital losses are not deductible against taxable income.

Personal use items

Gains on the sale of personal use items are taxable as capital gains.

Gifts

Gifts from employers to employees generally constitute taxable employment income. There is no gift tax in china with respect to gifts between individuals.

Additional capital gains tax (CGT) issues and exceptions

Are there additional capital gains tax (CGT) issues in china? If so, please discuss.

Are there capital gains tax exceptions in china? If so, please discuss.

See discussion on taxation of capital gains.

General deductions from income

What are the general deductions from income allowed in china?

For comprehensive income, a monthly personal exemption of RMB5,000/annual personal exemption of RMB60,000 is generally applicable per individual.

Deductions from employment income are also allowed for qualified charitable contributions, subject to limitations, and employee contributions to chinese social security to the extent mandated by law.

China resident individuals could claim itemized deductions (including mortgage interest or housing rental, childrenвђ™s tuition, continuing education, serious illness medical fees, and supporting elderly) if certain conditions are met.

Tax reimbursement methods

What are the tax reimbursement methods generally used by employers in china?

Calculation of estimates/prepayments/withholding

How are estimates/prepayments/withholding of tax handled in china? For example, pay-as-you-earn (PAYE), pay-as-you-go (PAYG), and so on.

Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) withholding

Employers are required to withhold taxes from each payment of employment income.

When are estimates/prepayments/withholding of tax due in china? For example: monthly, annually, both, and so on.

Taxes withheld on employment income should be filed and paid monthly.

Relief for foreign taxes

Is there any relief for foreign taxes in china? For example, a foreign tax credit (FTC) system, double taxation treaties, and so on.

Income tax paid in foreign jurisdictions by individuals on foreign-source income may be credited against the amount of income tax assessed in china where the foreign country/jurisdiction has the first right to tax.

General tax credits

What are the general tax credits that may be claimed in china? Please list below.

No general tax credits available.

Sample tax calculation

This calculation assumes a married taxpayer resident in china with two children whose 3- year assignment begins 1 january 2017 and ends 31 december 2020. The taxpayerвђ™s base salary is 100,000 US dollars and the calculation covers 4 years.

Exchange rate used for calculation: USD1.00 = RMB6.9

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